Descripción general y aplicaciones completas de tuberías de acero para calderas ASTM A213
ASTM A213 T1, T2, T5, T9, T11, T12, T22, T91, T92: Comprehensive Overview and Applications
Introducción:
The ASTM A213 specification covers seamless ferritic and austenitic alloy-steel boiler, sobrecalentador, y tubos intercambiadores de calor. Within this specification, several grades are defined, including T1, T2, T5, T9, T11, T12, T22, T91, and T92. Each grade has unique characteristics and is designed for specific applications in high-temperature service environments. En este articulo, we will provide a comprehensive overview of these grades and their applications.
- ASTM A213 T1:
ASTM A213 T1 is a seamless ferritic alloy steel grade, containing chromium and molybdenum. Ofrece una excelente resistencia, resistencia a la corrosión, y propiedades de alta temperatura. T1 tubes are commonly used in power generation plants, petrochemical refineries, and other industries requiring high-temperature service. - ASTM A213 T2:
ASTM A213 T2 is a seamless ferritic alloy steel grade with a small amount of tungsten. T2 tubes exhibit excellent corrosion resistance and high-temperature strength. They are commonly employed in power plants, Plantas químicas, and oil refineries. - ASTM A213 T5:
ASTM A213 T5 is a seamless ferritic alloy steel grade with the addition of chromium and molybdenum. T5 tubes offer good oxidation resistance and excellent strength at elevated temperatures. They find applications in power plants, petroleum refineries, and other high-temperature environments. - ASTM A213 T9:
ASTM A213 T9 is a seamless ferritic alloy steel grade with the addition of chromium and molybdenum. T9 tubes provide superior resistance to oxidation and high-temperature strength. They are widely used in power generation, Plantas químicas, and oil and gas refineries. - ASTM A213 T11:
ASTM A213 T11 is a seamless ferritic alloy steel grade containing chromium and molybdenum. T11 tubes exhibit excellent creep and rupture strength at high temperatures. They are commonly utilized in boiler and heat exchanger applications. - ASTM A213 T12:
ASTM A213 T12 is a seamless ferritic alloy steel grade with the addition of chromium and molybdenum. T12 tubes offer good resistance to oxidation and high-temperature strength. They are extensively employed in power plants, refinerías, y otros entornos industriales. - ASTM A213 T22:
ASTM A213 T22 is a seamless ferritic alloy steel grade containing chromium and molybdenum. T22 tubes exhibit excellent corrosion resistance and high-temperature strength. They are widely utilized in power plant superheaters, intercambiadores de calor, y otras aplicaciones de alta temperatura. - ASTM A213 T91:
ASTM A213 T91 is a seamless ferritic alloy steel grade with the addition of chromium, molibdeno, y nitrógeno. T91 tubes provide excellent creep and rupture strength at elevated temperatures. They are frequently employed in high-temperature power plant applications. - ASTM A213 T92:
ASTM A213 T92 is a seamless ferritic alloy steel grade containing chromium, molibdeno, and vanadium. T92 tubes offer exceptional creep and rupture strength, as well as excellent oxidation and corrosion resistance. They are commonly utilized in advanced power plants, where high temperatures and pressures are encountered.
Conclusión:
The ASTM A213 specification defines a range of seamless ferritic and austenitic alloy-steel tubes for high-temperature service. The grades covered by this specification, including T1, T2, T5, T9, T11, T12, T22, T91, and T92, provide specific characteristics tailored for various industrial applications. Understanding the properties and applications of these grades is essential for selecting the appropriate material to ensure optimal performance and durability in high-temperature environments.
ASTM A213M-09 Tablas de comparación de materiales (ASTM →KS, ÉL, DE, Licenciatura, NBN, NF, UNI)
| Calificación | Designación UNS | C | Minnesota | PAG | S | Y |
| T2 | K11547 | 0.10–0,20 | 0.30–0,61 | 0.025 | 0.025B | 0.10–0,30 |
| T5 | K41545 | 0.15 | 0.30–0,60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.5 |
| T5b | K51545 | 0.15 | 0.30–0,60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 1.00–2.00 |
| T5c | K41245 | 0.12 | 0.30–0,60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.5 |
| T9 | K90941 | 0.15 | 0.30–0,60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.25–1,00 |
| T11 | K11597 | 0.05–0,15 | 0.30–0,60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.50–1,00 |
| T12 | K11562 | 0.05–0,15 | 0.30–0,61 | 0.025 | 0.025B | 0.5 |
| T17 | K12047 | 0.15–0,25 | 0.30–0,61 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.15–0,35 |
| T21 | K31545 | 0.05–0,15 | 0.30–0,60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.50–1,00 |
| T22 | K21590 | 0.05–0,15 | 0.30–0,60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.5 |
| T23 | K40712 | 0.04–0,10 | 0.10–0,60 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.5 |
| T24 | K30736 | 0.05–0,10 | 0.30–0,70 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.15–0,45 |
| T36 | K21001 | 0.10–0,17 | 0.80–1,20 | 0.03 | 0.025 | 0.25–0,50 |
| T91 | K90901 | 0.07–0,14 | 0.30–0,60 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.20–0,50 |
| T92 | K92460 | 0.07–0,13 | 0.30–0,60 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.5 |
| T122 | K91271 | 0.07–0,14 | 0.7 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.5 |
| T911 | K91061 | 0.09–0,13 | 0.30–0,60 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.10–0,50 |
| Calificación | Designación UNS | Viejo- | Boro | Niobio | Nitrógeno | Aluminio | Tungsteno |
| dio | |||||||
| T2 | K11547 | … | … | … | … | … | … |
| T5 | K41545 | … | … | … | … | … | … |
| T5b | K51545 | … | … | … | … | … | … |
| T5c | K41245 | … | … | … | … | … | … |
| T9 | K90941 | … | … | … | … | … | … |
| T11 | K11597 | … | … | … | … | … | … |
| T12 | K11562 | … | … | … | … | … | … |
| T17 | K12047 | 0.15 | … | … | … | … | … |
| T21 | K31545 | … | … | … | … | … | … |
| T22 | K21590 | … | … | … | … | … | … |
| T23 | K40712 | 0.20–0,30 | 0.0010–0,006 | 0.02–0,08 | 0.015 | 0.03 | 1.45–1,75 |
| T24 | K30736 | 0.20–0,30 | 0.0015–0,007 | … | 0.012 | 0.02 | … |
| T36 | K21001 | 0.02 | … | 0.015–0,045 | 0.02 | 0.05 | … |
| T91 | K90901 | 0.18–0,25 | … | 0.06–0,10 | 0.030–0,07 | 0.02 | … |
| T92 | K92460 | 0.15–0,25 | 0.001–0,006 | 0.04–0,09 | 0.030–0,07 | 0.02 | 1.5–2.00 |
| T122 | K91271 | 0.15–0,30 | 0.0005–0,005 | 0.04–0,10 | 0.040– | 0.02 | 1.50–2,50 |
| T911 | K91061 | 0.18–0,25 | 0.0003–0,006 | 0.06–0,10 | 0.040–0,09 | 0.02 | 0.90–1,10 |
Propiedades mecánicas
| Calificación | Resistencia a la tracción | Límite de elasticidad(MPA) | Alargamiento(%) | Impacto(j) | Dureza |
| (MPA) | no menos que | no menos que | no menos que | no menos que | |
| A213 T2/SA213 T2 | ≥415 | 205 | “ | 85HRB | |
| A213 T11/SA213 T11 | ≥415 | 205 | “ | 85HRB | |
| A213 T22/SA213 T22 | ≥415 | 205 | “ | 85HRB | |
| A213 T23/SA213 T23 | ≥510 | 400 | 20 | “ | 97HRB |
| A213 T24/SA213 T24 | ≥585 | 415 | 20 | “ | 25HRB |
| A213 T91/SA213 T91 | ≥585 | 415 | 20 | “ | 25HRB |
| A213 T911/SA213 T911 | ≥620 | 440 | 20 | “ | 25HRB |
| A213 T22/SA213 T92 | ≥620 | 440 | 20 | “ | 25HRB |
| A213 T122/SA213 T122 | ≥620 | 400 | 20 | 25HRB | |
| TP304H | ≥515 | 205 | 35 | 90HRB | |
| TP316H | ≥515 | 205 | 35 | 90HRB | |
| TP321H | ≥515 | 205 | 35 | 90HRB | |
| TP347H | ≥515 | 205 | 35 | 90HRB | |
| S30432 | ≥590 | 235 | 35 | 95HRB | |
| TP310HCbN | ≥655 | 295 | 30 | 100HRB |
Nota:
Un máximo, a menos que se indique rango o mínimo. donde elipses (…) aparecen en esta tabla, no hay ningún requisito, y no es necesario determinar ni informar el análisis del elemento.
B Está permitido pedir T2 y T12 con un contenido de azufre de 0.045 máximo. Ver 16.3.
C Alternativamente, en lugar de esta relación mínima, El material tendrá una dureza mínima de 275 HV en estado endurecido, definido como después de austenitizado y enfriamiento a temperatura ambiente pero antes del templado.
La frecuencia de la prueba de dureza será de dos muestras de producto por lote de tratamiento térmico y los resultados de la prueba de dureza se informarán en el informe de prueba del material..
ASTM A213 Stainless Steel Tubing Specification
ASTM A213 standard is a common used specification for Seamless Ferritic and Austenitic Alloy-Steel Boiler, Super heater, and Heat-Exchanger Tubes, offering manufacture and purchasing requirements for manufactures and users, main information contain grade, tamaño, finishes, test and other terms, the equivalent standard is ASME SA213.
ASTM A213 Ferritic And Austenitic Alloy–Steel Material Grades
ASTM A213 Specification covers material containing alloy steels, Ferritic and Austenitic steels, Austenitic stainless steel is the most used group due to their properties, common designated grades are listed, in table 1 for chemical composition, mesa 2 for mechanical properties and solution temperature.
Composición química %
| Calificación | C | Y | Minnesota | cr | En | Mes | S | PAG |
| TP304 | 0,08 | 1,0 | 2 | 18 – 20 | 8 – 11 | – | 0,03 | 0,045 |
| TP304L | 0,035 | 1,0 | 2 | 18 – 20 | 8 – 12 | – | 0,03 | 0,045 |
| TP316 | 0,08 | 1,0 | 2 | 16 – 18 | 11 – 14 | 2 – 3 | 0,03 | 0,045 |
| TP316L | 0,035 | 1,0 | 2 | 16 – 18 | 10 – 14 | 2 – 3 | 0,03 | 0,045 |
| TP321 | 0,08 | 1,0 | 2 | 17 – 19 | 9 – 12 | – | 0,03 | 0,045 |
METROechanical properties and solution temperature (mín., degree centigrade).
| Calificación | Resistencia a la tracción(MPA) | Yield Point(MPA) | Alargamiento(%) | Dureza(HRB) | Solution Temperature |
| TP304 | 515 | 205 | 35 | 90 | 1040 |
| TP304L | 485 | 170 | 35 | 90 | 1040 |
| TP316 | 515 | 205 | 35 | 90 | 1040 |
| TP316L | 485 | 170 | 35 | 90 | 1040 |
| TP321 | 515 | 205 | 35 | 90 | 1040 |
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